Sanggahan The Hiddenness of God melalui Inkarnasi: Kajian Historisitas dan Interpretasi Teologis Yohanes 1:14

Daniel Pesah Purwonugroho

Abstract


Divine Hiddenness is an argument that asserts the hiddenness of God. God is hidden in His mysterious place so that He cannot be found by those who seek Him. This hiddenness of God logically implies that God does not exist. However, Christian faith provides a comprehensive answer regarding God's existence. The incarnation stated in John 1:14 provides a historical and theological answer about God. God incarnated in Jesus Christ to build a relationship with His people and be involved in the history of human life. This paper aims to refute the argument of divine hiddenness through incarnation in a historical study and interpretation of John 1:14. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the author argues that God revealed Himself through the incarnation of Jesus Christ as stated in John 1:14. Thus, John 1:14 provides a final refutation of the hiddenness of God. This paper offers a new integrative approach to responding to the claim of divine hiddenness through a historical theological exploration of John 1:14. In addition, this paper affirms that the incarnation is the definitive answer to the accusation of God's absence in history and human existence.

Abstrak

Divine Hiddenness merupakan argumentasi yang menyatakan ketersembunyian Allah. Allah bersembunyi di tempatNya yang misterius sehingga tidak dapat ditemukan oleh para pencariNya. Ketersembunyian Allah tersebut memberikan implikasi logis bahwa Allah itu tidak ada. Namun, iman Kristen memberikan jawaban komprehensif mengenai keberadaan Allah tersebut. Inkarnasi yang dinyatakan di dalam Yohanes 1:14 memberikan jawaban historis dan teologis tentang Allah. Allah berinkarnasi di dalam Yesus Kristus untuk membangun relasi dengan umatNya dan terlibat di dalam sejarah kehidupan manusia. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan sanggahan argumentasi divine hiddenness melalui inkarnasi dalam kajian historisitas dan intepretasi Yohanes 1:14. Menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif, penulis menyatakan bahwa Allah menyatakan diriNya melalui inkarnas Yesus Kristus sebagaimana yang dinyatakan di dalam Yohanes 1:14. Dengan demikian, Yohanes 1:14 memberikan sanggahan final mengenai ketersembunyian Allah. Tulisan ini memberikan kebaruan yaitu adanya pendekatan integratif untuk merespon klaim divine hiddenness melalui eksplorasi teologis historis Yohanes 1:14. Selain itu, tulisan ini memberikan penegasan bahwa inkarnasi merupakan jawaban definitif atas tuduhan ketidakhadiran Allah dalam sejarah dan eksistensi manusia.


Full Text:

PDF

References


Ajie, Stefanus Yulli Sapto. “Inkarnasi Sebagai Dasar Pengembangan Kepemimpinan Gembala Sidang Berdasarkan Yohanes 1:14 Dan Filipi 2:5-11.” Veritas Lux Mea (Jurnal Teologi Dan Pendidikan Kristen) 5, no. 1 (2023): 65–77. https://doi.org/10.59177/veritas.v5i1.203.

Anderson, Charity. “Divine Hiddenness: An Evidential Argument.” Nous-Supplement: Philosophical Perspectives 35, no. 1 (2021): 5–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/phpe.12149.

Anderson, Charity, and Jeffrey Sanford Russell. “Divine Hiddenness and Other Evidence.” In Oxford Studies in Philosophy of Religion, 1–34, 2021.

Azar, Michael G. “John the Theologian and His Paschal Gospel: A Prologue to Theology by John Behr.” Journal of Orthodox Christian Studies 3, no. 2 (2020): 225–28. https://doi.org/10.1353/joc.2020.0019.

Brown, Hunter. “Incarnation and the Divine Hiddenness Debate.” Heythrop Journal - Quarterly Review of Philosophy and Theology 54, no. 2 (2013): 252–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2265.2012.00787.x.

Davatos, Ian Anthony. “The Problem of Divine Hiddenness: A Wojtylian Response.” Philosophia (Philippines) 21 (2021): 593–603. https://doi.org/10.46992/PIJP.21.SI.A.20.

Drange, Theodore M. “The Argument from Non-Belief.” Religious Studies 29, no. 4 (1993): 417–32.

Dumsday, Travis. “Divine Hiddenness and Special Revelation.” Religious Studies 51, no. 2 (2015): 241–59. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412514000316.

Firmanto, Antonius Denny. “Sharing On Suffering Experiences As The Secularity Of Incarnation.” International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology 2, no. 2 (2021): 61–71. https://doi.org/10.47043/ijipth.v2i2.17.

Gaine, Simon Francis. “DID THE SAVIOUR SEE THE FATHER?: Christ, Salvation and the Vision of God.” Did the Saviour See the Father?: Christ, Salvation, and the Vision of God. JSTOR, 2015. https://doi.org/10.5040/9780567664419.

Gofwan, David. “Contemporary Theological Relevance of the Incarnation: Addressing Human Suffering in the Nigerian Context.” Humanities and Social Sciences 13, no. 1 (2025): 30–40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.hss.20251301.14.

Grappe, Christian. “Jean 1,14(-18) Dans Son Contexte et à La Lumière de La Littérature Intertestamentaire.” Revue d’histoire et de Philosophie Religieuses 80, no. 1 (2000): 153–69. https://doi.org/10.3406/rhpr.2000.5599.

Howard-Snyder, Daniel, and Paul K. Moser. “Introduction: The Hiddenness of God.” In Divine Hiddenness, 1–23, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511606090.001.

Kim, Hyejin, Justine S. Sefcik, and Christine Bradway. “Characteristics of Qualitative Descriptive Studies: A Systematic Review.” Research in Nursing and Health 40, no. 1 (2017): 23–42. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21768.

Kwon, Young Pa. “Eschatology as Salvation Fulfilled in History: A Study of Schillebeeckx’s Understanding of History and Eschatology.” The Society of Theology and Thought 89 (2023): 136–73. https://doi.org/10.21731/ctat.2023.89.136.

Maitzen, Stephen. “Divine Hiddenness and the Demographics of Theism.” Religious Studies 42, no. 2 (2006): 177–91. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412506008274.

Nanthambwe, Patrick. “Embodied Grace: The Implications of the Incarnation to Public Practical Theology in Sub-Saharan Africa.” HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 80, no. 1 (2024). https://doi.org/10.4102/hts.v80i1.9684.

Need, Stephen W. “Re-Reading the Prologue: Incarnation and Creation in John 1.1–18.” Theology 106, no. 834 (2003): 397–404. https://doi.org/10.1177/0040571X0310600602.

Parhusip, Parsaoran. “Inkarnasi: Perwujudan Kasih Allah Yang Membela, Membebaskan, Dan Mengangkat Martabat Manusia.” Melintas 35, no. 3 (2021): 316–33. https://doi.org/10.26593/mel.v35i3.4663.316-333.

Santos, Walyson, and Luiz Felipe Xavier. “Análise Exegética Do Prólogo Do Evangelho de João.” Davar Polissêmica 2, no. 1 (2011): 1–16. http://periodicos.redebatista.edu.br/index.php/DP/article/view/78/61.

Schellenberg, J. L. “Divine Hiddenness: Part 1 (Recent Work on the Hiddenness Argument).” Philosophy Compass 12, no. 4 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/phc3.12355.

———. “The Hiddenness Argument.” Roczniki Filozoficzne 69, no. 3 (2021): 63–66. https://doi.org/10.18290/rf21693-4.

———. “The Hiddenness Argument Revisited (I).” Religious Studies 41, no. 2 (2005): 201–15. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0034412505007614.

Sokolov, A. V. “Library Collection Studies within the System of Knowledge.” Scientific and Technical Libraries, no. 2 (2023): 160–71. https://doi.org/10.33186/1027-3689-2023-2-160-171.

Taber, Tyler M, and Tyler Dalton McNabb. “Is the Problem of Divine Hiddenness a Problem for the Reformed Epistemologist.” The Heythrop Journal 59, no. 5 (2018): 783–93. https://doi.org/10.1111/HEYJ.12268.

Vale, Matthew Z. “John the Theologian and His Paschal Gospel: A Prologue to Theology by John Behr.” Nova et Vetera 20, no. 3 (2022): 989–94. https://doi.org/10.1353/nov.2022.0068.

Wierciński, Andrzej. “The Holy Spirit Will Overshadow You: Conversation as the Transformative Openness to the Unknown.” Rocznik Teologii Katolickiej 24 (2024): 225–38. https://doi.org/10.15290/rtk.2024.23.15.

Winandar, Resna, Selarista Selarista, Novan Yakhin Gamaliel, and Sarmauli Sarmauli. “Doktrin Akhir Zaman (Ekshatologi).” Lumen: Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Katekese Dan Pastoral 3, no. 2 (2024): 20–31. https://doi.org/10.55606/lumen.v3i2.389.

Winarto, Heribertus. “Yesus Auto-Komunikasi Allah.” Lux et Sal 1, no. 1 (2020): 11–24. https://doi.org/10.57079/lux.v1i1.9.

Zai, Gunawan Christianto, and H Wijaya. “Bentuk Nyata Kasih Allah Melalui Inkarnasi Yesus Kristus Berdasarkan Pandangan St. Athanasius Dari Alexandria.” GENEVA: Jurnal Teologi Dan Misi 6, no. 2 (2024): 129–47. https://doi.org/10.71361/geneva.v6i2.110.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.54403/rjtpi.v5i2.139

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Ritornera - Jurnal Teologi Pentakosta Indonesia

Indexed by:

             

Published by: Pusat Studi Pentakosta Indonesia

Institution Website: http://pspindonesia.org/
Address: Perum Puri Bengawan Indah Jl. Karandan Rt.007 Rw.005, Joyontakan, Serengan, Surakarta

e-jurnal Website: http://ojs.pspindonesia.org/index.php/JPI/index

e-ISSN: 2797-7676 p-ISSN: 2797-717X